Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Spray a 9" springform pan with non-stick cooking spray and dust lightly with flour.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, vanilla extract, and almond extract.
Using a stand mixer with the paddle attachment, or using an electric hand mixer, cream the butter and sugar, mixing until well combined, about 2 to 3 minutes. Stop once to scrape down the sides of the bowl. The mixture should look lighter in color. Mix in eggs, one at a time.
With the mixer on low speed, add flour mixture in three batches, alternating with the buttermilk mixture. Mix until just combined. Do not overmix.
Pour ⅓ of cake batter into the prepared pan and spread evenly using a rubber spatula or offset spatula.
Transfer the cooled cherry filling onto the center of the cake batter in the pan, leaving a 1-inch border around the edges.
Add the remaining cake batter on top of cherry filling and spread evenly to cover the cherry filling (the filling will get pushed to the edge of the pan naturally).
Sprinkle streusel topping evenly on top of cake batter.
Bake cake for 70-80 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean and the streusel on top is golden brown. Let cake cool in pan for 15 minutes.
Use a knife or offset spatula to loosen cake from the pan by going around the edge of cake, and unlatch to remove the outer ring. Transfer to a wire rack to cool to room temperature.